SPONTANEOUS ABORTION ,CAUSES and CLINICAL PRESENTATION.

SPONTANEOUS ABORTION

Bleeding that occurs before 12 weeks' gestation. The most common cause of early pregnancy loss is fetal in origin.

Etiology

1-Cytogenetic etiology-

gross chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo/fetus.

2-Mendelian etiology-

losses of fetus may be caused by autosomal or X-linked dominant or recessive diseases.

3-Anticardiolipin antibody-

An uncommon cause of early pregnancy loss. Some women with  SLE( systemic lupus erythematosus)   produce antibodies against their own vascular system and fetoplacental tissues. This is known as antiphospholipid syndrome.

Clinical Presentation-

• Speculum examination is essential to rule out vaginal or cervical lesions that are causing bleeding.

• Molar and ectopic pregnancy should be ruled out in all patients with early pregnancy bleeding through USG examination.

management-

1-subcutaneous heparin if there is antiphospholipid syndrome.

2-• RhoGAM should be administered to all Rh-negative gravidas mothers who undergo dilatation and curettage (D&C).

By;(Dr-Abdullah Noor wazir)